• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar

PRESSLED

Your Leading News Source

PRESSLED
Your Leading News Source

  • Home
  • BUSINESS
  • MONEY
  • POLITICS
  • REAL ESTATE
  • US
  • Meet the Reporters
  • About/Contact

The legume family tree | EurekAlert! Science News

May 14, 2021 by Staff Reporter

IMAGE: Illustration of a tree representing the legume family tree with branches representing the six subfamilies. On each branch are flowers or pods of species belonging to the subfamilies. The lines…
view more 

Credit: Yiyong Zhao, Chien-Hsun Huang, and Hong Ma

The most comprehensive study of the family tree for legumes, the plant family that includes beans, soybeans, peanuts, and many other economically important crop plants, reveals a history of whole-genome duplications. The study also helps to uncover the evolution of genes involved in nitrogen fixation–a key trait likely important in the evolutionary spread and diversification of legumes and vital for their use as “green manure” in agriculture. To reconstruct the family tree, researchers compared the DNA sequence of more than 1500 genes from 463 different legume species, including 391 newly sequenced species, that span the diversity of this large plant family.

A paper describing the study, led by Penn State Professor of Biology Hong Ma, appears in the May 2021 issue of the journal Molecular Plant.

“Legumes make up the third largest family of flowering plants and are incredibly diverse–ranging from tiny herbs to giant trees,” said Ma, who is the Huck Distinguished Research Professor of Plant Molecular Biology at Penn State. “They are essential food crops for both humans and livestock, can be used as lumber, and have many other uses. Maybe most importantly, they can ‘fix’ nitrogen–extracting the vital nutrient from the atmosphere and storing it in nodules on their roots in a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria–making them important as green manure to improve soil health.”

There are over 19,000 species in the legume family divided into six subfamilies and then further divided into narrower and narrower groupings based on their evolutionary relationships. There are 765 genera–the grouping one level above species–of which the team sampled members of 333. To build the family tree, the team analyzed gene sequences from the transcriptomes–the portion of the genome that is expressed as genes–of most of the 463 species and a small number of shallowly sequenced whole genomes from across legume diversity.

“This is the largest study of this kind for a single plant family,” said Ma. “We went to great lengths to sample as many species as we could to get a broad representation of the legume family, but it is often difficult to get well-preserved specimens that we can extract DNA or RNA from, especially for species found in remote locations. Having this broad representation of species allowed us to build the most detailed nuclear-gene family tree for legumes to date.”

In addition to helping researchers understand the evolution and diversification of legumes, the new legume family tree helps to clarify the relationship between crop plants and their wild relatives. Although the close relatives of important agricultural crops are often known, studying more distant wild cousins could reveal traits that could be exploited to help plants thrive in changing environments and resist diseases or insect pests.

Across the legume family tree, the research team identified strong evidence for 28 separate whole-genome duplication events. Whole-genome duplications, evolutionary events that result in complete duplication of the entire genome, are fairly common among flowering plants and are thought to allow for functional innovation and evolutionary diversification. One of the duplication events that the team identified appears to have occurred in the ancestor of all members of the legume family.

“Because for most of the species in our study we used transcriptomes and do not have entire genome sequences, we consider these as ‘proposed’ genome duplication events,” said Ma. “These kinds of studies are kind of like solving a mystery. If you only have one or a few witnesses it might be difficult to convince a jury of your evidence, but if you have a hundred witnesses who have different perspectives and they all point to the same thing it becomes difficult to dismiss that evidence. In our case, the different species are like our witnesses. The size of our study allowed us to identify events that we might otherwise have dismissed.”

The two largest subfamilies account for over 17,000 legume species and include all of the species with the ability to fix nitrogen. Nitrogen is an important plant nutrient–most commercial fertilizers contain a mix of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium–so the symbiotic relationship between some legumes and the microorganisms that allow them to assimilate nitrogen from the atmosphere using root nodules has spurred their success by allowing them to colonize areas with less fertile soil. The research team also identified clues to the evolution of the genes responsible for this important trait.

“Our data support the idea that nodulation and nitrogen fixation originated a single time early in the history of legumes and other related nitrogen-fixing plants and the whole-genome duplication event at the origin of legumes might have been crucial for the evolution of this process,” said Ma. “In addition to this duplication event, we are also able to see gene loss in plants that do not have the ability to nodulate, and evolutionary changes in genes that contributed to their role in nodulation.”

###

In addition to Ma, the research team includes Yiyong Zhao, Rong Zhang, Kaiwen Jiang, Ji Qi, Yi Hu, Jing Guo, Renbin Zhu, Taikui Zhang, Ashley N. Egan, Ting-Shuang Yi, and Chien-Hsun Huang. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of the Sciences, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering at Fudan University, and Penn State.

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

Originally Appeared On: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-05/ps-tlf050721.php

Filed Under: TECH/SCIENCE, Uncategorized

Primary Sidebar

More to See

Google suffers setback in UK over abuse of ad tech dominance

The UK’s antitrust watchdog started a new investigation of Alphabet Inc.’s Google, over suspicions it may have abused its dominant position across its … [Read More...] about Google suffers setback in UK over abuse of ad tech dominance

Nvidia’s bounce could be a hint that the market has fallen enough for now

This is the daily notebook of Mike Santoli, CNBC's senior markets commentator, with ideas about trends, stocks and market statistics. Dip-buyers have … [Read More...] about Nvidia’s bounce could be a hint that the market has fallen enough for now

For New York Tech, a new marketing campaign

New York Tech has launched a new integrated marketing campaign, appearing on Long Island and in New York City. The “A Place for You” campaign includes … [Read More...] about For New York Tech, a new marketing campaign

Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions | About/ Contact
Copyright © 2022 · PRESSLED · As Amazon Associates we earn commissions from qualifying purchases · Log in

We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.
Cookie SettingsAccept All
Manage consent

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
Always Enabled
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
CookieDurationDescription
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy11 monthsThe cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
Functional
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Performance
Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
Analytics
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
Advertisement
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
Others
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
SAVE & ACCEPT